1 Ilan Stavans,
Growing Up Latino: memoirs and stories
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), p. xvi.
2 U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement, 2004, Ethnicity and Ancestry Statistics Branch, Population Division.
3 The American Family Survey. US Department of Commerce. FORM ACS-1(2005), p. 4
4 Richard L Vázquez, ¿Hispanic or Latino? http://www.lasculturas.com/aa/aa070501a.htm
5 http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/ngo/education/themes.html
6 NHPS Grade 7 Social Studies Standards (draft May 10, 2006)
7 Connecticut Mastery Test, Connecticut Academic Performance Tests
8 A good source to explain the equal protection clause is the Cornell Law http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Equal_protection
9 "…since
Bowling v. Sharpe
(1954), the Court has read at least some of the content of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, that applies to
state
actions, into the Fifth Amendment, which applies to
federal
actions. The Court, in order to desegregate federally-run public schools in Washington, DC, at least partially incorporated the Equal Protection Clause, as it had previously been applied to the states in
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954), into the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause." See http://www.princeton.edu/~lawjourn/Spring98/moyers.html for a more detailed discussion of the equal protection clause.
10 http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/guadalupe-hidalgo/activities.html
11 Alfonso Teja Zabre, Guide to the History of Mexico, 1935. Selection found in Thomas Bailey The American Spirit Volume I: To 1877. p. 394.
12 http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty/ A complete version of the treaty with background information is available at this site.
13 "The Great Nation of Futurity", United States Democratic Review 1839 excerpted at http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/osulliva.htm
14 Quoted in this more complete study of the term at http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manif1.htm. An editorial in which the phrase also appears can be found at http://www.historytools.org/sources/manifest_destiny.pdf
15 Spanish-speaking people who had come from Mexico or Spain to settle in California.
Californios
had lived on California soil since 1769. Definition from http://pbskids.org/wayback/goldrush/california.html
16 Pablo de la Guerra quoted in
Chicano
, p. 8.
17 Some land claims cases against the government have been resolved positively for Mexican-American families however, the legislation is written to make successful outcomes difficult. John Michael Haynes in http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/guadalu7.htm
18 http://www.big6.com/showarticle.php?id=107
19 http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/CC/jrc2.html
20 http://www.state.ct.us/sde/DTL/curriculum/frsocst.pdf CT Social Studies Curriculum Framework