Henry A. Rhodes
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1. ABC movie, “Separate But Equal” starring Sidney Poitier as Thurgood Marshall, 1991.
2.
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Connecticut’s Racial Imbalance Act. C.G.S.A. ¤10-226a-10-226e.
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3.
Kennedy v. Wallace
, produced by Robert Drew The American Experience, Season IV. This film can serve to demonstrate the resistance to desegregation by Gov. Wallace and President Kennedy’s reaction. The American Experience is a presentation of WGBH/Boston, Thirteen/WNCJ and KCEJ/Los Angeles.
¤10-226a. Pupils of racial minorities
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(a) Each local or regional board of education shall annually submit to the state board of education at such time and in such manner as said board may prescribe such data as said board may require in order to determine the total number of pupils of racial minorities in the schools under the jurisdiction of each board and, in such cases as said board shall determine, the number of such pupils in each school and in each grade.
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(b) As used in sections ¤10-226a to ¤10-226e, inclusive, “pupils of racial minorities” means those whose racial ancestry, in whole or in part, is Negro, Mongolian or Malay and students whose ancestry, in whole or in part is Puerto Rican, Mexican American or American Indian.
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(1969, P.A. 73, ¤ 1, eff. July 1, 1969; 1974, P.A. 74-149; 1978, P.A. 78-218, ¤ 152.
¤10-226b. Existence of racial imbalance
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(a) Whenever the state board of education finds that racial imbalance exists in a public school, it shall notify in writing the board of education having jurisdiction over said school that such finding has been made.
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(b) As used in sections 10-226a to 10-226e, inclusive, “racial imbalance” means a condition wherein the proportion of pupils of racial minorities in all of the grades of a public school of the secondary level or below taken together substantially exceeds or falls substantially short of the proportion of such public school pupils in all of the same grades of the school district in which said school is situated taken together.
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(1969, P.A. 773, ¤ 2, eff. July 1, 1969.)
¤ 10-226c. Plan to correct imbalance
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(a) Any board of education receiving notification of the existence of racial imbalance as specified in section 10-226b shall forthwith prepare a plan to correct such imbalance and file a copy of said plan with the state board of education.
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(b) Any plan submitted by the board of education of any town under sections 10-226a to 10-226e, inclusive, shall include the proposed changes in existing school attendance districts, the location of proposed school building sites as related to the problem, any proposed additions to existing school buildings and all other means proposed for the correction of said racial imbalance. The plan shall include projections of the expected racial composition of all public schools in the district. The plan may include provision for cooperation with other school districts to assist in the correction of racial imbalance.
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(1969, P.A. 773, ¤¤ 3,4, eff. July 1, 1969).
¤ 10-226d. Approval of plan by state board
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Upon receipt of any plan required under the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-226c, the state board of education shall review said plan. If it determines that the plan is satisfactory, it shall approve the plan and shall provide to the board of education such assistance and services as may be available. The board of education shall submit quarterly reports on the implementation of the approved plan, as the state board of education may require.
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(1969, P.A. 773, ¤ 5, eff. July 1, 1969.)
¤ 10-226e. Regulations
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The state board of education shall have the authority to establish regulations for the operation of sections 10-226a to 10-226e, inclusive, including times and procedures and reports to said board, and the criteria for approval of plans to correct racial imbalance and fix standards for determination as to racial imbalance. Such regulations may include separate times and procedures for reports, criteria for plan approvals and standards for racial imbalance determinations as alternatives for school districts with minority student enrollments of seventy per cent or more.
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(1969, P.A. 773, ¤ 6, eff. July 1, 1969; 1986, P.A. 86-78, ¤1, eff. July 1, 1986).