Andrews, Henry N., Jr.,
Studies in Paleobotany
. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961. Good analysis of the various plant divisions and their evolution.
Arnold, Chester A.,
An Introduction to Paleobotany.
(McGraw-Hill Publications in the Botanical Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1947. An earlier work, but useful in many ways.
Banks, Harlan P.,
Evolution and Plants of the Past
. (Fundamentals of Botany Series.) Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1970. The single most important reference used, written by one of the top names in the field.
Barghoorn, Elso S., “The Oldest Fossils,”
Scientific American
, 224 (5), 30 (May 1971). In an area where important recent advances have been made (Precambrian evolution), this article is nine years. It remains a good review of the subject and is written by a recognized leader in the study of Precambrian life.
Beinecke, Frances, and Siccama, Thomas, “The Stiles Clay Pit, Hamden, Connecticut,” Connecticut Natural Areas Inventory No. 157, January 1973. A good review of the natural history of Stiles clay pit and an analysis of the “past, present, and future uses of the pit.”
Bloom, Arthur L., “Postglacial Stratigraphy and Morphology of Central Connecticut,” New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Yale University, 1968. One section of this field trip guide deals with Stiles clay pit.
Bold, Harold C.,
The Plant Kingdom
. (Foundations of Modern Biology Series.) Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1970 (3rd Edition). Provides “substantial data” on the anatomy of the various plant types.
Bowers, Brenda C., “The Investigation of Plant Macrofossils in the Stiles Clay Pit,” paper prepared for Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 1976. A description of a Forestry student’s studies on the plant matter in the clay pit. The paper contains the most complete information seen on these plant remains.
Braun, E. Lucy,
Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America
. New York: The Free Press, 1950. One of the basic works on deciduous forests, their development and composition.
Broker, Stephen P., “Hominid Evolution,” Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute, Natural History and Biology volume, 1979. Useful to this unit in its discussion of relative and absolute dating, the concept of time, and the process of evolution.
Brown, Roland W., “Section at Stiles (North Haven Brick Co.)
Clay Pit, Opposite Montowese,” in Flint, R.F.,
The Glacial Geology of Connecticut
, Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin No. 47, pp. 263-266, 1930. A short but important early description of the clay pit.
Darrah, William C.,
Principles of Paleobotany
. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1960 (Second Edition).
Daubenmire, Rexford,
Plant Geography, with special reference to North America
. New York: Academic Press, 1978. With the earlier work by Braun, a helpful reference on deciduous forests.
Delevoryas, Theodore,
Morphology and Evolution of Fossil Plants
. (Biology Study Series.) New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. Another good reference on plant evolution. Good reconstruction drawings.
Dunbar Carl O., and Waage, Karl M.,
Historical Geology
. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969. A very useful section on the geology and flora of the Carboniferous.
Fahn, A.,
Plant Anatomy
. New York: Pergamon Press, 1974 (Second Edition). Confused by technical anatomical terms? Look them up here.
Foster, Adriance S., and Gifford, Ernest M., Jr.,
Comparative Morphology of Vascular Plants
. San Francisco: Wm. Freeman & Co., 1974 (2nd Edition). An invaluable reference on the morphologies of past and present plant types.
Good, Ronald,
Features of Evolution in the Flowering Plants
. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1974.
Pinna, Giovanni,
The World of Fossils
. (The World of Nature Series.) New York: Bounty Books, A Division of Crown Publishers, Inc., 1972. Numerous color photographs, though mostly of animal fossils. Good section on methods of fossilization.
Stebbins, G. Ledyard, Flowering Plants: Evolution above the Species Level. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1974. Evolution at the genus, family, and order levels.
Tidwell, William D.,
Common Fossil Plants of Western North America
. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1975. The focus is on another region of the country, yet the introductory information on geologic periods and methods of fossilization is very useful.
Tiffney, Bruce H” “Diversity and Major Events in the Evolution of Land Plants,” Department of Biology and Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. An overview of the evolution of land plants. A fine discussion of the three important transitions: “invasion of land, origin of the seed, development of the angiosperms.”