Sondra A. White
Objectives:
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1. The student will develop a better understanding of the concept of design.
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2. The students will be able to use the proper vocabulary terms used in structural design.
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3. The students will successfully be able to analyze basic plans of a modern or traditional house.
Motivation:
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1. Ask the students to discuss how they might go about drawing the classroom they are now in.
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2. Ask each student to draw a plan of the room on a piece of 9 x 12 drawing paper. Allow approximately 30 minutes to complete.
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3. Tack all the plans up on a board. Have each student explain his plan.
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4. Begin the lesson according to the procedure.
Materials:
Ditto #1 Design Vocabulary Terms
Ditto #2 Schematic Diagram and Plan
Ditto #3 A Plan
Ditto #4 Elevation drawing of Ditto #3
Transparencies: Plans and Elevations
Overhead projector
pencil
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Tracing paper 9 x 12
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ruler
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White paper 9 x 12
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Procedure:
(Make an outline on the blackboard for the students to follow along with to take notes.)
Distribute Ditto #1.
I. What is Space?
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A. Space: An area that can establish a territory of its own. It may be small or large, temporary or permanent or it may be a house or an apartment.
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B. Each area of space is usually made for a purpose. (Use example of the classroom.) Society or our culture will dictate how we should design a structure named a school, office or factory. Space will be divided up for a particular purpose inside this structure.
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C. House Space is influenced by the individual’s personality. It is usually a
multi
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purpose
house where space is labeled bathroom, bedroom, kitchen and livingroom.
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D. Personality, lifestyle, location and taste are all factors in designing space.
II. Planning Space
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A. Refer to Vocabulary Ditto #1. Take each word and fully explain the meaning of it to the students. Demonstration on the blackboard may be necessary.
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B. On the blackboard make two headings
Ambiguous
Space
and
Prescribed
Space
. First have the students indicate the spaces available in the school that may fall under each category. Then make a separate section indicating the spaces in a home or in an apartment. (Examples: Prescribed space-bathrooms, kitchen, custodians room. Ambiguous space, classrooms, cafeteria)
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C. Talk about the student’s own private spaces at home . . . their common space.
Ill. Plan Analysis
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A. Symbols -
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1. used to indicate outside walls or separating walls. Indicate by making a heavy, thick black line.
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2. Two single lines indicate window space.
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3. Entrance. Indicate by a heavy dark arrow.
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4. Door. Indicated by a single line with a half circle at the end.
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5 Stairway up and down.
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6. Fireplace.
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7. Closets.
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(Figures available in print form)
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B.
Open
Plan
Space is organized as a continuous flowing entity. The space is not divided up into box shaped rooms. The space flows from one room to the next. Great for group activities.
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Closed
Plan
Space is divided into separate rooms, used for a specific purpose. The bedroom space is usually separated to one section of the house and the common space is in the opposite section of the house.
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C. Relating a design to total surroundings.
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1. A plan using open space makes a continuous flow from inside to outside. The landscape becomes part of the plan area.
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2. Entrance and walkways should relate to the house so they are inviting and flow with the interior house plan.
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3. Gardens and patios should be designed to flow into the particular area created for so they become part of the plan also.
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D. How to read plans
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1. Distribute Ditto #2.
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A.
Schematic
Diagram
The first step in deciding about a plan.
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1) Using loosely drawn circles indicate.: the use of space for each circle, the connection between them and the importance of the space by the size of the circle.
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2) Arrows will indicate the flow of path between each place.
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3) Refer to Ditto #2, Schematic Diagram. Have an open discussion to make the students develop an understanding of the diagram.
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B. A Plan (Refer to bottom of Ditto #2)
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1) Indicate and explain all of the symbols given to the students at the beginning of this lesson.
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2) Show the students how the schematic diagram now is interpreted into a plan.
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C. Distribute Ditto #3. Use an overhead projector to show transparencies #1 and #2. In an open discussion have the students explain both the ground floor plan and then the entrance floor plan.
Homework
#1
: Have students draw the plan of the house or apartment they live in. Make sure they use a ruler and place furniture in the proper space. (Allow two nights)
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D. How to indicate path and place on a plan.
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(figure available in print form)
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(Refer to transparency #2)
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1)
Path
will indicate the direction you are forced to walk through in this particular room. Doorways, lights, chairs, T.V.’s are all influential factors to path.
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2)
Place
will indicate the actual amount of space in an area not interrupted by path. (Place transparency #2 over transparency #1. Explain.)
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3) Have an open discussion on path and place.
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Homework
#2
: Hand back house plans to students done the night before. Ask them to make an overlay indicating path and place in their apartment or house. (Give each student a sheet of tracing paper to use as an overlay.) Allow one night.
IV. Transparencies (#3,4,5,6,7,8)
Show the series of transparencies of plans and elevation drawings. Explain and fully discuss each of the transparencies. Choose a student or two to discuss one of the plans.
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A. Distribute Ditto #4 (Elevation drawing).
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Discussion: Elevation drawings are made to show what the house will look like from either the front, back or side views. The drawings are done in either two dimensional or three dimensional.
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B. Using the overhead projector show pictures of a house and the plans for the house. Use transparencies #3,7,8.
V. Test. Ditto #5
At the end of the unit allow the students to be tested on the knowledge gained in Lesson #1.
Answer Sheet:
I.
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Refer to the vocabulary list.
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II.
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A. door
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B. window
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C. wall
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D. stairs (up and down)
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E. fireplace
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III.
(Figure available in print form)
IV.
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Path direction you are forced to walk in a room.
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Place Area uninterrupted by path.
(Figure available in print form)
V.
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Draw a Plan of this room. Plans will vary.
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