Purpose:
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To demonstrate and create a water filtration system
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Materials:
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Empty 2-liter soda bottle
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fish tank filter charcoal-rinse before using
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pebbles
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sand
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scissors
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Nylon stockings cut into small squares
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Rubber bands
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2 Large clear plastic cups
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one cup measuring cup
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Substances to filter EX. Food coloring, cooking oil, dish soap,
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dirt etc.
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Procedure:
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Making filters
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1. Cut bottoms of soda bottles with scissors.
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2. Wrap piece of nylon stocking over pour opening of bottle and secure with a rubber band.
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3. Measure and pour into bottle one cup of pebbles, sand and charcoal in that order. Put in cut open side.
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4. Place bottle upside down in empty plastic cup to stand.
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Filtering
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Note* Have materials to be filtered mixed ahead of time. Mix them in equal proportions.
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1. Have students choose a mixture to filter and record.
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2. Measure a one cup amount of the mixture to be filtered and record observations on what the mixture looks like before.
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3. Carefully pour the measure mixture into the cut opening of the filter. Be sure the empty cup is under to catch the filtered liquid.
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4. Allow the liquid to pass throught he filter. Record the observations of what the liquid looks like after passing through the filtration system.
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5. Measure the amount of liquid that passed through the filtration system and ended up in the plastic cup.
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Results:
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The mixture that passed through the filtration system created should have been cleaned somewhat. This allows the students to have a basic understanding of the filtration process. They should understand the connection with our water pollution problem of our coastlines.
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Questions:
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1. Do you think the filtration system you created did a good jobcleaning out the polluted water mixture?
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2. What might make the filter more effective?
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3. Was any liquid lost in the filtering process?(was the liquid less coming out than going in the filter.
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4. In a water treatment plant, the filtering process is only one part of the treatment process. Before water is filtered, it is mixed with coagulant, a sort of jello, which attracts impurities in the water. The water is then run through the filters, much like the ones you made. How do you think the coagulant helps the filtration process? *The coagulant forms clumps which make it easier to filter out.
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Note Make sure to then tell the students that the filtered water is then treated with chemical to kill bacteria. The bacteria seeps through the filter so it is important to treat the filtered water with chemical to make it safe.
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Evaluation:
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The students should be able to explain how a filter is created. They should also have a basic understanding on how the material help filter the polluted water. The students should also understand that filtering is only part of the treatment process. The also should make the connection to cleaning up our coastlines from pollution.
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