i James Monroe, "Message to Congress, December 2, 1823,"
Great Issues in American History: From the Revolution to the Civil War, 1765-1865.
Richard Hofstadter, ed. (New York: Vintage Books, 1958), 244-247.
ii Alan Brinkley,
The Unfinished Nation, 4th Edition
(Boston: McGraw Hill, 2004), 310-311.
iii Franklin Delano Roosevelt, "The Four Freedoms, January 6, 1941,"
The American Reader
. Diane Ravitch, ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 1990), 281-283. The selection is one portion of Roosevelt's State of the Union Address. In this portion, he outlines why it is necessary for the United States to intervene in the affairs of Europe -- a direct violation of the Monroe Doctrine. His justification is embedded in the Four Freedoms that all people ought to enjoy: freedom of speech and expression, freedom to worship God, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. Eleven months before the bombing of Pearl Harbor, this policy rang true for the American people.
iv Mark Bernstein, "Edward R. Murrow: Inventing Broadcast Journalism,"
American History
(June 2005). Avaliable online at http://www.historynet.com/ah/blermurrow/
v Bernstein,
American History
.
vi Edward R. Murrow, "See It Now".
vii Thomas Hobbes, found in Political Ideologies by Leon Baradat (Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994), 64.
viii Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan in Communism, Fascism, and Democracy edited by Carl Cohen (New York: McGraw Hill, 1972), 275.
ix John Locke,
Second Treatise of Government
in Communism, Fascism, and Democracy edited by Carl Cohen (New York: McGraw Hill, 1972), 396.