Zelda L. Kravitz
|
|
Chemical
|
Atomic
|
K-electron
|
|
Element
|
Symbol
|
Number (Z)
|
Binding Energy
|
|
Carbon
|
C
|
6
|
0.284
|
|
Oxygen
|
0
|
8
|
0.532
|
|
Aluminum
|
Al
|
13
|
1.560
|
|
Calcium
|
Ca
|
20
|
4.038
|
|
Copper
|
Cu
|
29
|
8.979
|
|
Silver
|
Ag
|
47
|
25.68
|
|
Barium
|
Ba
|
56
|
37.44
|
|
Tungsten
|
W
|
74
|
69.53
|
|
Lead
|
Pb
|
82
|
88.00
|
|
Iodine
|
I
|
53
|
33.17
|
*Bushong, Stewart—Radiologic Science for Technologists, C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1980, 2nd edition, p. 42.
Figure 1 X-Ray Tube Model
(figure available in print form)
Two circuits in the X-ray tube:
1. Low voltage heating circuit through cathode itself.
2. High voltage circuit between cathode and anode to drive electrons.
Selman, Joseph: Fundamentals of X-Ray and Radium Physics. Springfield: Charles Thomas Publishing Co., 1980, p. 159.
Figure 2 Production of Bremsstrahlung (Brems Radiation)
(figure available in print form)
E1 = electron approaching nucleus
hv = energy from kinetic energy of electrode
E2 - electron moving away from nucleus
Radiated Brems photon energy: hv = E1 Ð E2
Selman, Joseph: Fundamentals of X-Ray and Radium Physics. Springfield: Charles Thomas Publishing Co., 1980, p. 159.
Figure 3 Characteristic Radiation
(figure available in print form)
Selman, Joseph Fundamentals of X-Ray and Radium PHysics, the Charles C. Thomas Pub. Springfield, ILL 1980 6th edition. p. 163.
Figure 4 Formation of the radiologic image
(figure available in print form)
The x-ray beam, on passing through the body, undergoes absorption and scattering which depend on the KV and on the atomic number and density of any particular tissue. The beam emerging on the opposite side of the body contains information in terms of the number of photons per unit cross-sectional area of the beam; this comprises the remnant radiation or radiologic image. The resulting image on the film—the radiologic image—consists of the various densities corresponding to the radiologic image.
Ibid. Selman, p. 309.
Figure 5 Radiographic Chemistry
(figure available in print form)
Basic theory of photographic chemistry
A. Radiant energy in form of light or x-rays converts silver bromide crystal containing (silver sulfide) into a latent image center.
B. Developer reacts with altered crystal and reduces it to metallic silver, which constitutes the manifest image.
Selman, Joseph, M.D.
Fundamentals of X-Ray and Radium PHysics
, Charles Thomas Pub., Springfield, Ill. 1980, 6th ed., p. 307.
