I.
|
Colonial America.
|
|
A.
|
Indian Prohibition.
|
|
B.
|
Alcohol in the Colonies.
|
|
|
1.
|
Regulations to control, not prohibit.
|
|
|
2.
|
Moderate drinking acceptable.
|
|
|
3.
|
Punishment for drunks.
|
|
|
4.
|
Importance of Rum.
|
|
|
5.
|
Colony of Georgia—first attempt at prohibition.
|
|
|
6.
|
Post-Revolution liquor tax (federal) encourages the sale and manufacture of alcohol.
|
II.
|
Early 1800’s
|
|
A.
|
Appearance of temperance organizations.
|
|
|
1.
|
Urge avoidance of alcohol—educational methods, not political.
|
|
|
2.
|
Disagreement among organizations over methods of controlling the evils of alcohol.
|
|
|
3.
|
Strengths of these early organizations
|
|
|
4.
|
Washingtonian Movement 1841.
|
III.
|
Temperance organizations losing strength.
|
|
A.
|
Political methods replace educational.
|
|
|
1.
|
Temperance lobbies.
|
|
|
2.
|
Temporary victories in towns, cities, and at local level.
|
|
|
3.
|
Supreme Court decision 1847.
|
|
|
4.
|
Maine passes prohibition laws 1846.
|
|
|
5.
|
Reasons for repeal of prohibition laws in states that had previously passed them.
|
IV.
|
Civil War Era.
|
|
A.
|
Staggering blow to prohibition.
|
|
|
1.
|
Internal Revenue Act, July 1, 1862.
|
|
|
2.
|
Public opinion against prohibition.
|
|
|
3.
|
Concentration on the war effort.
|
|
B.
|
Prohibition Party formed 1869.
|
V.
|
Woman’s Crusades 1870’s.
|
|
A.
|
Crusade at its height for six months in 1873.
|
|
B.
|
Women’s Christian Temperance Union 1874; Frances Willard.
|
|
C.
|
Temperance revival grew out of the women’s crusade.
|
|
D.
|
Demands for national prohibition.
|
VI.
|
1880’s.
|
|
A.
|
Kansas adopts prohibition in its constitution.
|
|
B.
|
Effects of immigration on prohibition.
|
|
C.
|
Migration of people from small towns to big cities.
|
|
|
1.
|
Prohibition becomes a battle of rural vs. city interests.
|
|
D.
|
Liquor interests organize—United States Brewers Association.
|
VII.
|
1890’s.
|
|
A.
|
Anti-Saloon League led by Dr. Howard Russell.
|
|
|
1.
|
Main objective of the League.
|
|
|
2.
|
Use of the church.
|
|
|
3.
|
Use of political means, elections.
|
|
|
4.
|
Eventual push for national prohibition.
|
|
B.
|
Battle—Anti-Saloon League vs. Brewers and Distillers.
|
|
|
1.
|
Methods used by brewers and distillers.
|
|
|
2.
|
Methods used by the Anti-Saloon League.
|
VIII.
|
1900-1917.
|
|
A.
|
Statewide prohibition (by World War I 26 dry states).
|
|
B.
|
Dry strength in agricultural and rural America.
|
|
C.
|
Wet strength in big cities and industrial areas of North and East.
|
|
D.
|
Dry states not totally dry.
|
|
E.
|
Webb-Kenyon Bill 1913.
|
|
F.
|
Strong demand for national prohibition through an amendment.
|
IX.
|
1917-1920.
|
|
A.
|
War time hysteria—World War I.
|
|
B.
|
Public opinion swayed.
|
|
C.
|
Anti-Saloon League capitalizes on the war.
|
|
D.
|
Eighteenth Amendment approved by Congress Dec. 1917.
|
|
E.
|
Ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment.
|
|
F.
|
Volstead Act.
|
X.
|
The Noble Experiment 1920-1933.
|
|
A.
|
Arguments of the wets against passage of the Eighteenth Amendment.
|
|
B.
|
Drys answer complaints of the wets.
|
|
C.
|
Major troubles surrounding prohibition:
|
|
|
1.
|
Smuggling
|
|
|
2.
|
Moonshiners
|
|
|
3.
|
Rum Row
|
|
|
4.
|
Bootleggers
|
|
|
5.
|
Medicinal liquor
|
|
|
6.
|
Stills
|
|
|
7.
|
Court dockets overloaded with prohibition cases
|
|
|
8.
|
Reluctance of judges and juries to impose harsh sentences
|
|
|
9.
|
Bribery
|
|
|
10.
|
Irresponsible prohibition agents
|
|
D.
|
Prohibition Bureau.
|
|
|
1.
|
Insufficient budget.
|
|
E.
|
The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment.
|
|
|
1.
|
Central group for the wets.
|
|
|
2.
|
New crusaders and reformers.
|
|
F.
|
1928 Presidential Election.
|
|
|
1.
|
Herbert Hoover vs. Alfred Smith.
|
|
|
2.
|
Prohibition became an issue.
|
|
G.
|
Depression years.
|
|
|
1.
|
Depression helped to kill prohibition.
|
|
|
2.
|
Public hysteria.
|
|
|
3.
|
Prohibition blamed for the market crash.
|
|
H.
|
Wickersham Commission.
|
|
|
1.
|
Studied failures of prohibition.
|
|
|
2.
|
Conclusions were confusing and contradictory.
|
|
I.
|
National Conventions 1931.
|
|
|
1.
|
Prohibition became an issue at the Democratic and Republican National Conventions.
|
|
J.
|
Legal sale of beer; 3.2% alcohol March 1933.
|
|
K.
|
Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment—the Twenty-First Amendment.
|