1.
|
Marjorie Weiser ed.
Ethnic America
(New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1978), p. 11.
|
2.
|
Mark Yudel, “The Shtetl “ in Lily Edelman ed.,
Jewish Heritage Reader
(New York, Taplinger Publishing, 1965), pp. 66-67.
|
3.
|
Ibid
, p. 67.
|
4.
|
Peter Wiernik,
History of the Jews in America
(New York: Jewish Press Publishing Co., 1912), p. 262.
|
5.
|
Quoted in Abraham J. Karp,
Golden Door to America: The Jewish Immigrant Experience
(New York: Penguin Books, 1967), pp. 73-74.
|
6.
|
Abraham Cahan, “Yekl,” in Milton Hindus’s
The Old East Side: An Anthology
(Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1969).
|
7.
|
Thomas Kessner,
The Golden Door: Italian and Jewish Immigrant Mobility in New York City: 1880-1915
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), pp. 129-136.
|
8.
|
John Higham,
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925
(New York: Atheneum Press, 1968), p. 93.
|
9.
|
Maurice J. Karpf,
Jewish Community Organizations in the United States
(New York: Bloch Publishing, 1938), p. 71.
|
10.
|
Quoted in Maury Klein’s “Life on the Lower East Side”
American History Illustrated
, Volume VII, Number 7, (November 1972), p. 26.
|
11.
|
Ibid.
|
12.
|
Allon Schoener, ed.,
Portal to America: The Lower East Side, 1870-1925
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967), p. 11.
|
13.
|
J.C. Rich, “The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States,”
The Jewish People, Past and Present
(New York: Jewish Encylopedic Handbook Inc., Central Yiddish Culture Organization, 1948), vol. II, p. 400.
|