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1. Date __________ River system __________
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State __________
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Name of bog or marsh __________
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Notes: sketches (show stations, plant types, tributary streams, outlet, roads and trails)
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2. FLORA AND FAUNA
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A.
Flora
: Note species, size, color, abundance, growth, habits, etc.
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1. Hydrophilic
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2. Phreatophytic
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3. Tolerant
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B. Fauna: Note species, size, abundance, feeding habits, stages or ages found, special adaptations or activities
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1. Invertebrates and vertebrates
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Free-swimming
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Walking on surface or swimming on surface
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Sessile on vegetation
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Sessile on stones, logs, rocks, bottoms
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Flying
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Burrowers
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Tube dwellers
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3. WATER CHEMISTRY AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
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oxygen __________
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air temperature __________
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carbon dioxide __________
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cloud cover __________
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pH __________
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time __________
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temperature __________
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precipitation __________
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other __________
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wind velocity __________
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4. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WETLAND AREA
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widths
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depths
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area
Note: See Needham,
A Guide to the Study of Freshwater Biology
bottom type: mud, silt, sand, clay, peat, marl, detritus, gravel, bedrock character of watershed: mountainous, hilly, flat, swampy, wooded, open, cultivated, uncultivated, etc.
Land use noted
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 1.
SALT MARSH
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 2.
FRESH WATER MARSH
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 3.
FRESH WATER BOG
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 4.
TUBER
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 5.
TYPICAL WATERLILY
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 6.
CALCIUM CYCLE IN PLANTS
Calcium is taken up in the soil by the roots. Calcium is lost from tissues through decay, abscission (the dropping off of plant parts), gustation (the exudation of liquid from leaves) and leaching (the downward movement and drainage of minerals through the soil by percolating water). Adapted from drawing in Zipkin,
Biological Mineralization.
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 7.
SCLEREID CELL WITH CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS
Drawing of a scleroid cell from the leaf of
Nymphaea odorata
seen in polarized light. Numerous small calcium oxalate crystals can be seen as the white areas. Adapted from
Raven, Biology of Plants.
(figure available in print form)
FIGURE 8.
TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH A SCLEREID CELL
Drawing of an electron micrograph showing a transverse section through the arm of a scleroid cell. Three calcium oxalate crystals (C) are embedded in the secondary cell wall (W). (CY) is the cytoplasm, (PW) is the primary cell wall and a thin layer of internal cutin separates the exterior of the cell from an intracellular airspace (IS). Adapted from Watabe,
The Mechanisms of Mineralization in the
Invertebrates and Plants
.
