Yolanda U. Trapp
For well over two thousand years, at least since the rise of the Greek city state a certain set of ideas has dominated discussions of the human knowledge, and those capacities that figure in knowing have been specially valued.
a. Psychologists say that it is "the capacity to acquire and use knowledge" .
Theoretical Underpinnings
b. Piaget's theory of developmental psychology:
"Intelligence is developmentally constructed in the mind of the learner and moves from concrete to abstract stages of understanding".
c. Vygotsky's theory of social mediation. "Intelligence is a function of activity mediated through material tools, and other human beings."
d. Feuerstein's theory of structural cognitive modifiability. "Intelligence is a function of experience and can be changed through guided mediation."
e. Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligence.
"Intelligence is made up of eight realms of knowing (verbal, visual, mathematical, musical, bodily, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic) for solving problems and creating values in a culture".
f. Sternberg's successful Intelligence. "Intelligence is triarchic, with creative, analytic, creative, and practical components that need to be balanced."
g. Perkin's theory of learnable Intelligence. "Intelligence is made up of neural, experiental, and reflective components that helps us know our way around the good use of our minds".
h.
Costa's theory of Intelligence behaviors
. "Intelligence is composed of acquired habits or states of mind that are evident in such behaviors such as persistence, flexibility, decreased impulsiveness, enjoyment of thinking and reflectiveness."
i. Golemans' theory of emotional intelligences "Intelligence is both cognitive and emotional, with the emotional (self-awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy and social skill) ruling over the cognitive"
j. Cole's theory of moral intelligence. "Intelligence is composed of cognitive, psychological, or emotional and moral realms."
