Astronauts are selected every 2 years. In order to become an astronaut, one needs a bachelors degree in engineering, biological science, physical science or math. Also needed is three years of professional experience, which can be substituted with a masters or doctoral degree. (NASA, 1990)
55,000 people a year apply to NASA to be astronauts. Of these, 1500 are asked to supply their college grades and a letter as to why they would like to be an astronaut. (Brown, 1996)
Of these, 50 people are invited to the Johnson Space Center to be interviewed and get a physical. Of these, 15 will be invited to become astronauts. (Brown, 1996)
During the physical, you’re tested for drugs and your lung capacity is checked. If you have ever used drugs, you’re automatically rejected (you went outside the law). Smokers don’t pass the lung capacity test. (Brown, 1996)
With a vision or hearing impairment, you’re still eligible. If your blood pressures slightly high, that also does hurt your chances of becoming an astronaut. (Brown, 1996)
NASA’s shuttle positions are as follows:
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Commander/Pilot Astronauts—
On board responsibility for their crew’s safety and operation. Pilot assists Commander if needed. Pilot helps in satellite retrieval.
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Mission Specialist Astronauts—
Coordinate shuttle operations, crew activity planning, consumables usage, and experiment and payload operation.They are trained in onboard systems operation and extravehicular activities (spacewalking)
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Payload Specialists—
These are people that are not part of NASA and they have special on board duties. (NASA, 1993)
To find out about astronaut recruitment write to:. Astronaut Office, Mail Code CB, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.