Measuring Ice Cream
When it comes to ice cream, the heavier the better. The U.S. government requires ice cream to weigh at least 4.5 pounds (2kg) per gallon. More expensive and richer ice creams tend weigh more because they contain more milk solids and butterfat than lesser expensive brands. Ice cream is sold by the measure of volume, not weight.
Volume: Volume is the capacity of a specific container. In the U.S. volume is measured in cups, pints, quarts and gallons. When using the metric system, volume is measured in liters.
Weight: Weight is the heaviness of an object. In the U.S. it is measured in ounces or pounds. When using the metric system it is measured in grams.
Experiment 1 Volume
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1. Fill each carton with water.
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2. Pour the water into another container of the same size.
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Did it fit into the second container?________________________
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3. Measure how much it took to fill the carton.
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Standard:_________________ Metric_________________
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Is it the same as it is printed on the front of the carton?_____
Experiment 2 Weight
1. Fill one of the cartons with sand and the other with cotton balls.
2. Lift each carton.
3, Weigh each carton.
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Standard_______________ Metric_________________
4. Using cups, measure the amount of sand and the amount of cotton balls in each carton.
Are the amounts the same?______________________________
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Science
How to Lift Finger Prints
Directions:
1. Shake a very small amount of talcum or graphite powder next to each fingerprint.
2. Lightly dust the powder back and forth over the finger prints with the feather.
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3. Brush softly and lightly until all the prints are clear.
4. Blow lightly across the print to remove the excess powder.
5. One a time, place a piece of tape over each print. Gently smooth the tape over the print.
6. Pick the tape up carefully by the corner, lifting the fingerprint with it.
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7. Place the tape on black paper if talcum powder was used, white paper for graphite powder.
8. Place each print of the Fingerprint Classification Card below.
9. Using the examples of the Eight Types of Pattern complete the Fingerprint Classification Card.
Social Studies
Teacher Resource Activity Sheet
Inventions and Innovations in the History of Ice Cream
Cut into strips and have each group choose a topic
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1700 The first record of ice cream in America is a letter written by a guest of the Governor of Maryland William Bladen describing a dessert of "…fine ice cream which with the strawberries and milk eat most deliciously."
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1790 George Washington spends $200 for ice cream during the summer.
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1828
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Street vendors in New York City begin selling ice cream.
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1846 Nancy Johnson invents an ice cream freezer.
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1851 Jacob Fussell opens the first ice cream factory.
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1881 Robert Green invents the ice cream soda.
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1881 The ice cream sundae is invented because some people felt that sodas should not be eaten on Sunday.
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1900 About this time the ice cream sandwich, banana split and float appear. There are no records who truly invented these creations.
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1904 The ice cream cone becomes a popular treat at the St. Louis World Fair.
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1920 The Eskimo Pie was introduced.
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1921 The Good Humor Ice Cream sucker adds a stick to a chocolate covered bar. Soon ice cream was being sold everywhere like this.
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1922 Frank Epperson accidentally invents the Popsicle. He left a spoon in a glass of lemonade outdoors in the freezing weather.
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Notes
Coe, Sophie D. The True History of Chocolate. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.
Dameror, Gail. Ice Cream: The Whole Scoop. New York: Glenbridge Publishing,
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1991.
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Ellsworth, Mary Ellen. Gertrude Chandler Warner and the Box Car Children. Illinois: Albert Whitman & Company, 1997.
Fuller, Linda. Chocolate Fads, Folklore and Fantasies: 1,000+ Chunks of Chocolate Information. Illinois: Harrington Park Publishing, 1996.
Greene JC. "Preventive dentistry: Dental caries." Jama. 1989;262:3459-63.
Glinsmann, WH. "The phenomenology of food cravings." Appetite. 1990; 15:231-246.
Rozin, P. "Chocolate craving and liking." Appetite. 1991;17:199-212.
The Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health. Washington DC: Public Health Service: 1988, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.