(standards taken from http://www.state.ct.us/sde/DTL/curriculum/currsci.htm)
Standard 9.4 - Atoms react with one another to form new molecules.
In the chemistry section, there is a description of how atoms combine to form new substances by sharing electrons (covalent bonding). This is also modeled in the student simulation of DNA and protein molecule creation.
Standard 9.5 - Due to its unique chemical structure, carbon forms many organic and inorganic compounds.
The structure of the carbon atom plays a key role in the molecules we have examined.
The formation and structure of carbon-based polymers, including synthetic polymers, such as polyethylene, and biopolymers, such as carbohydrate have been explored.
Standard 9.6 - Chemical technologies present both risks and benefits to the health and well being of humans, plants and animals.
Simple chemical monomers can be combined to create linear, branched and/or cross-linked polymers for dialysis tubing, matrix in which islet cells can be placed.
The chemical structure of polymers affects their physical properties.
Standard 10.1 - Fundamental life processes depend on the physical structure and the chemical activities of the cell.
The general role of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis has been carefully considered.
Standard 10.3 - Similarities in the chemical and structural properties of DNA in all living organisms allow the transfer of genes from one organism to another.
In insulin production, the genetic information of bacteria has been altered to make them produce human insulin.
The benefits of altering the genetic composition and cell products of e coli to make human protein products have provided great benefit to humans.
Standard 10.5 - Evolution and biodiversity are the result of genetic changes that occur over time in constantly changing environments.
The minor molecular structural adaptation of insulin increases the chances for organisms to survive.