A.
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Warmup:
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1
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Review historical figures and facts.
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1.1
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The dictatorship of Porfirio D’az
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1.2
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The Spanish American War of 1898
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1.3
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World War I.
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1.4
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The Mexican Presidents from 19111952.
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B.
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New Material:
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1.
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Introduce slides on the murals in the National Palace.
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1.1
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It occupies four large blocks.
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1.2
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It was built on the ruins of Moctezuma’s Palace.
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2.
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Introduce slides on
The Legend of Quetzalcoatl
.
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2.1
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It represents the Toltec period.
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2.2
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Quetzalcoat—the plumed serpent.
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2.3
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Behind him is the pyramid dedicated to the Sun god.
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2.4
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To the left is the pyramid dedicated to the goddess of the Moon.
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2.5
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The priest is offering a gourdful of the nectar extracted from the maguey plant—pulque.
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2.6
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The legend.
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2.7
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The Aztec Wars.
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3.
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Introduce slide of The American Intervention.
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3.1
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The eagle with thirteen war rays.
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3.2
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The American invasion of 1847 by General Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor.
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3.3
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Nicolas Bravo—defender of the castle with the telescope.
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3.4
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To the left—wounded boy heroes of Chapultepec—Agust’n Melgar, Juan Escut’a, Fernando de Oca, etc.
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3.5
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The Mexican flag.
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3.6
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Aztec Indians driven by cruel Spanish slave-drivers to destroy Main Temple and to construct the National Cathedral on the same spot. They also worked the gold and silver mines with shovels and picks.
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4.
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The Constitution of 1857 (1929).
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4.1
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General Juan Alvarez with white side burns (upper right )—first Governor of the State of Guerrero (1849). He also commanded the plan of Ayutla in 1854. He overthrew the dictatorship of Santa Ana and was president of Mexico from October 4 to December 11, 1855.
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4.2
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Don Santos Degollado is the right wearing glasses.
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4.3
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Lancer soldiers (chinacos) and three priests—the priest with the hooked nose is astonished by the signing of the Reform Laws of 1857.
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4.4
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General Miguel Miramón—three colored presidential sash—was President of Mexico in 1859. He holds a sword with a broken blade over the ecclesiastic treasure—symbol of treason. He supported the Conservative Party of Maximilaian.
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4.5
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Native family guided by a hairless Aztec dog—symbol of the first domesticated animal in America.
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4.6
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Benito Juárez holds a scroll—separation of church and state—Title—Benefactor of the Americas.
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4.7
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His motto’ “Entre los individuos como entre las naciones, el respecto al derecho ajeno, es la paz.” Among individuals as among nations, when there is respect, there is peace.
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4.8
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The destruction of the church.
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4.9
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The all seeing eye—thirtythree degree Mason rank of which Juárez was a member.
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4.10
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Juárez—chief of the Liberal Party—men next to him were members .
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4.11
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Fat priest—caricature of the rich and powerful clergy.
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4.12
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Next to priest—General Antonio López de Santa Ana—President of Mexico from 18331855. He has a walking cane because he had an artificial leg. He lost his leg in Veracruz fighting the first French invasion of Mexico in 1836.
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4.13
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Archbishop La Bastida points to church’s treasure.
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4.14
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The baptizing of the Indians with their own blood vessel’s sacred stone.
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4.15
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The first Catholic nun to come to America. She holds a round earthen pot containing precious stones, necklaces, jewelry, and other gold ornaments—offerings to the Church by the Aztec Indians. She was called Nun Alferes because she was an active soldier.
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4.16
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Other friars collecting tributes—Fray Bartolomé de las Casas (father and protector of the Indians) holds a crucifix to Cortés as a symbol of justice for the Indians whom he defended from the conquerors’ cruelty.
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4.17
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Spanish officers taking the jewels from the Indians.
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4.18
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Pedro de Alvarado behind Cortés looking very mean.
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4.19
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Below—scenes of battle between Aztecs and Spanish.
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C.
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Homework:
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1.
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What did Benito Juárez mean when he said: “Nothing impedes the cause of understanding among nations like ignorance and nothing dispels misunderstanding and distrust like knowledge.” Write a critique on this.
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