But how are they going to express it? There they are sitting at their desks and staring at the clean white paper that has just been placed in front of them. Everything was going so well until this moment. How are they going to begin?
It is important not to give them a formula of how to paint a picture, for methods often limit possibilities. Yet you have to give them some instruction so their technical skills and perceptual skills can grow. I find that students’ work improves greatly if I have them concentrate on two ideas:
composition—
the arrangement of objects on a page (stressing the relationship between parts to parts and parts to whole), and
expression—
conveying a mood, feeling, or idea in a piece of work. In the following suggested lesson plan I will focus on these two concepts.
Suggested Activity
:
Jacob Lawrence
Lesson Plan:
week 3, grades 5 and
6
Activity
:
Preliminary sketches for painting project
ASSIGNMENT: Each student will sketch at least four designs for a series of three paintings. The theme (discussed in a previous lesson), will be the same for all four drawings but the composition will be different for each. The finished sketches should convey the idea/story the student wanted to tell us without using words. The sketches will reflect four different vantage points i.e.: looking down on the scene, looking up at the scene, a close-up view, and looking (head on) a frontal view. Students will draw large. They will fill the page so both figure and ground enhance each other.
MATERIALS NEEDED
:
white or manila drawing paper 12” x 18”
pencils, erasers
slide projector—slides or reproductions of J. Lawrence’s work
CONCEPTS COVERED
:
-
1) telling a story in pictures
-
2)
composition—
the arrangement and interaction of elements on a page.
-
3)
space—
figure/ground relationships (space is a material in itself).
-
4)
viewpoint/perspective—
seeing different relationships depending on where you view a-scene.
-
5)
expression—
the feeling or mood conveyed in a piece of art
OBJECTIVES
: Students will learn what composition, space, viewpoint, perspective, and expression mean.
REVIEW
:
Students will be able to apply the concepts covered in class to their own artistic creations.
-
1) where do artists get their ideas?
-
2) the life and times of Jacob Lawrence
INTRODUCTION
:
Today’s Lesson
Today, and for the next three weeks, we are going to be the artists. Like Jacob Lawrence we are going to paint a series of paintings (at least three). This set is going to tell us a story. The story is going to be about something that interests you, or bothers you, or something that you particularly love and want to share with us. Each painting will tell part of the story. Last week you decided on your ideas, this week, I wanted to talk to you about how to compose your pieces. Composition is the way you arrange your picture, i.e., where you place everything on your page. One way to think about composition is to think about viewpoint or perspective.
STIMULUS
:
I will show three slides of works by J. Lawrence:
Tombstones
,
No. 9
Harriet Tubman—Dreamt of Freedom
, and
Daybreak—
A
Time to Rest
. We will discuss each piece in terms of its composition (here meaning viewpoint), and its expressive qualities.
“Here are three paintings by J. Lawrence, I want you to tell me where would you be standing if you saw these scenes? Would you be lying on the ground? standing on the roof? What would your perspective be in each?”
I like to approach teaching composition in this way because it forces student’s thinking away from the typical frontal view. This approach also increases students’ awareness of how they perceive their world by focusing their attention on the world around them.
After the viewing point has been determined in each of these paintings I would ask questions like: Why did he choose this viewpoint? e.g. in
H. Tubman—Dreamt of Freedom
why did he choose to show only the slaves’ legs in chains? Why not the whole body? This is where the second idea, expression, would be brought into the discussion.
DEMONSTRATION
I will take the theme from the Harriet Tubman painting. I will draw four sketches on the blackboard. Each drawing will depict the same idea from four different viewpoints. This demonstration will show students how the emotional/expressive impact of a work can increase or decrease depending on its composition. I will point out that sometimes an artist will choose a close-up because they tend to focus the viewer’s attention on a specific detail. At other times, and artist may prefer a wide angle view. Artists choose a certain composition to convey a certain idea. (see composition illustration fig. 1L)
The second art concept I want to introduce in this lesson is the relationship between figure and ground, or negative space and positive space. Negative space/ground is the space around objects. Positive space/figure is the object, the thing we can touch.
A POSSIBLE PRESENTATION
So many times I ask students to draw me a picture what I get is a drawing with a few small figures and a lot of empty space. Everybody begins their drawing by saying. “O-kay, I’ll draw a person, and he has two legs, and arms . . . Oh, and I better put in a house, and maybe a flower too” (see fig. 2L). What most of us seem to do is draw things without paying attention to: 1) what it really looks like, and 2) where it is in relation to its environment. Today when you draw, remember to think about the background. Where you are affects how you see things and how you feel. In Jacob’s Lawrence’s work we see that when he paints, he thinks about the whole picture. He thinks about: where the scene is and what we would see if we were there. He fills every inch of his paper. In
Tombstones
, we see the building, the door, the front steps, people walking by . . . He creates a feeling in the painting of what it would be like to live on that street. When I look at this piece I get a feel for how hot it is, for the sounds I might hear on the street . . . He gets these ideas across to us through his composition. He thinks of his painting as a window into the world (see fig. 3L).
PRESENTING THE ASSIGNMENT TO THE STUDENTS
What I want you to do is to divide your paper into four rectangles—fold your paper in half, and in half again. Remembering the story you wanted to share with us, I want you to tell us that story in pictures. I want you to imagine each box on your paper to be a window. You are going to look through that window and draw what you would see. Each window is in a different place. One window is on the top of a three story building (so you will be looking down at the scene). The second window is on the ground floor (so you will be looking head on). The third window is a basement window (looking up), and the last window is as if you were looking through a telescope, so it would be a close-up view. In each of these pictures you will see the same things, but, in each the angle from which you see it will be different. This will give you four different compositions. I want you to draw large and fill the space. You will have people and an environment in your sketches. Remember, when you finish your drawings they should be the same way. I should be able to see things in the foreground, middleground, and the background.
STUDENT WORK TIME
FORMATIVE CRITIQUE
:
As students work the teacher will hold up successful pieces to the entire class. She will point out their most successful parts.
STUDENT WORK TIME
CRITIQUE/EVALUATION :
We will view all the pieces. The teacher will discuss each piece in terms of its composition, use of space, and expression.
REVIEW/CLOSING REMARKS
:
Review vocabulary and concepts: composition viewpoint/perspective space—figure/ground relationships telling stories in pictures
WEEKS 4-6
In these next few weeks I will work individually with the students as they continue to work on their projects. Each week a few new words and concepts will be introduced e.g. color, painting . . .
WEEK 7
When the paintings are complete we will view them in front of the class to see if they indeed tell the story the artist intended us to hear. Next, we will discuss the works for their artistic merit, i.e., their composition, use of color, etc . . . For a final review a test will be given to determine if the objectives have been accomplished.
SUB-UNIT 2: Andrew Wyeth
In the previous sub-unit the concept I tried to stress was that people are affected by their environment and their cultural background. Things happen to us everyday because of who we are or just where we are, and we react in certain ways. Jacob Lawrence was affected by the events and ideas of his world so he painted pictures about them. In this unit we will look at the work of Andrew Wyeth. The sequence and presentation of the lessons will be the same, except here, I will stress how this artist was motivated and influenced by his physical environment and his familial background.
Andrew Wyeth was born into an artistically talented family. His father was the famous illustrator and painter N.C. Wyeth who “considered organized life to be “canned,” schools a “menace,” and analytical thinking destructive of creativity and feeling.”
4
Following this line of thinking Andrew was educated at home by tutors and N.C. himself. Much of his time was spent in wanderings over the countryside. These wanderings were in later years to become the source of his inspiration.
At home his life was filled with “all kinds of creative activities.”
5
His father encouraged everyone in his family to develop the talents they possessed. At that time in America, there were no T.V.’s, life was quiet and news didn’t travel quite so fast as it does these days. On a typical night in the Wyeth home on a winter’s eve one might find the whole family telling stories, writing music, or plays, or painting pictures to illustrate their favorite stories.
This was the kind of house Andrew grew up in. His world was and remains this countryside of Pennsylvania. It is from this place and all the memories attached to it that Wyeth draws his imagery.
You see, I don’t say, “Well, now I’m going to go out and find something to paint.” . . . Really I just walk a great deal over the countryside. I try to leave myself very blank—a kind of sounding board, all the time very open to catch a vibration, a tone from something or somebody . . . If it holds in my memory, maybe weeks or even years later . . . Then the idea enriches in my mind and I embellish it . . . or it disintegrates and goes into nothing.
6
This quote reveals a very different kind of approach to artwork when compared to J. Lawrence’s ideas. Wyeth was motivated by a quality inherent in the scenes and objects he painted. He doesn’t try to tell a story he tries to reveal another kind of quality. A source of inspiration for Wyeth could be a bowl of fruit, or the wind blowing through the window.
A white mussel shell on a gravel bank in Maine is thrilling to me because it’s all the sea—the gull that brought it there, the rain, the sun that bleached it there by a stand of spruce woods. Most artists just look at an object and there it sits. What I’m trying to say is that I start every painting with an emotion—something I’ve just got to get out.
7
When viewing Wyeth’s work, students will no doubt be impressed by its “realism” but I would stress that Wyeth wasn’t just trying to make a picture that looked real—he could have taken a photograph for that. What he wants to reveal to us is some feeling or quality that he sees, and wants to share with us.
While he draws his ideas from the world around him he is motivated by something completely different than Lawrence because his life, his upbringing, and where he lived were very different. The things that concerned him were the things he knew and saw and experienced. He tells us something through his work—what is it? . . . maybe its something about the beauty and mystery of life and nature.
This was just a brief history of what might be said in the second lesson of this sub-unit. I would go into greater depth in describing what life was like in rural Pennsylvania—what things you might find and observe on long walks in the woods. I would talk about the four seasons and the feelings, smells, sounds, and sights associated with each. I would again ask students to imagine themselves living at a time when there was no television—What would you do in the evening?
I would also like my students to hear from the artist what his intentions are, so I will read, or have them read quotes whenever they are applicable.
Suggested Activity
:
Andrew Wyeth
Lesson Plan:
week 3
,
grades 7 and 8
Activity: Portrait Drawing—drawing what you see vs. what you know
ASSIGNMENT
:
Each student will draw a portrait of a friend from within our class. They will first cluster their impressions of the person they select. They could start with the physical qualities and then include feelings (i.e. is the person happy, sad . . . ) that person brings to mind. They will sit directly across from their chosen model and take turns drawing and modeling. Students will draw large filling the space. Students will draw only the head and shoulders using line only, no shading. Students will try to convey a mood or feeling in their drawing.
MATERIALS NEEDED
:
paper 12” x 18”
pencils, erasers slide projector—slides or reproductions of Andrew Wyeth’s work
CONCEPTS COVERED
:
1) space—negative/positive
2) meaning/feeling in artwork—looking beyond appearance
3) drawing what you see vs. what you think
OBJECTIVES
:
Students will be able to define what a portrait is and what negative space and positive space are.
Students will understand the difference between drawing what you see vs. drawing what you think.
Students will learn drawing techniques.
REVIEW
:
1) Who is Andrew Wyeth
2) Where does he get his ideas
3) What are his motivations
INTRODUCTION
:
In the second half of this unit we will become the artists. We will look at the world around us for our inspiration. We will draw the objects and people we come in contact with everyday.
STIMULUS
:
Students will view two portraits by Andrew Wyeth “Studies for Anna Kuerner,” and “Pencil Study for Karl”. Students will then read several quotes by Wyeth. The quotes state what it is he tries to express in his portraits. We will discuss his work to see if students think he achieved what he was after. After our discussion we will talk about drawing from life, i.e., drawing what we see vs. drawing what we think.
Often when we draw from our imaginations we don’t pay attention to what something really looks like. What we draw are symbols (see fig. 1W). What I want you to do is concentrate on what you see. Open your eyes and study the world around you like Wyeth did.
DEMONSTRATION
:
I will choose a student to model for a quick portrait. I will draw his/her portrait on the board. I will begin by illustrating the difference between drawing what you see vs. drawing what you think (see fig. 2W). I will stress that I want them to draw what they see. I will tell them that one way to begin drawing is to start at the top of the person’s head. I don’t want them to think about drawing an ear, or hair etc . . . all they are to do is draw a line where the negative space and positive space meet. They will be asked to draw slowly, crawling along the outline. After the outline is completed they will be asked to study the space to determine where the eyes, nose, and mouth belong. I will finish my demonstration by reminding students that artwork conveys feelings to us. They will be asked to think about their model’s expression. Students will also be told that they need not put in every eyebrow, eyelash, or hair. What I want their drawings to reflect are 1) a feeling or quality of the person they are drawing, and 2) a sense that they are drawing what they see.
STUDENT WORK TIME
FORMATIVE CRITIQUE
:
As students work the teacher will hold up successful pieces to the entire class. She will point out their most successful parts.
STUDENT WORK TIME
CRITIQUE/EVALUATION :
We will view all the pieces. The teacher will discuss each piece in terms of its use of space and expression.
REVIEW/CLOSING REMARKS
:
Review vocabulary and concepts: negative space and positive space portrait, and self-portrait meaning in artwork—artwork can reveal qualities of things.
OTHER ACTIVITIES FOR THIS UNIT
:
-
1) careful studies after nature—further studies that ask students to draw what they see.
-
2) drawing/painting a favorite place—a place that has a special meaning for you (the teacher could show slides of Wyeth’s landscapes as a stimulus).
-
3) introduction to Tempra painting—using Wyeth’s tempras as examples.
SUB-UNIT 3: NATIVE AMERICAN ART
In the previous two sub-units we viewed art work by two American artists. They had very different upbringings and because of their cultural/familial backgrounds they respond to their world (as seen in their artwork) in different ways. One chooses to use his art as a social mirror telling us stories of its history and events. The other is more concerned with exploring his environment and imagination to reveal the inner quality of things as he experiences them, a much more private vision.
What these two have in common is that they share the American tradition. This is a tradition that encourages self-expression. Artists in this society can earn a living and reap pleasure and prestige from their artwork. Artists in this society are encouraged to make “statements,” to “be creative, innovative, and inventive, to say something unique.” While such fostering of self-expression is not unique to America, in other societies and cultures it is not always encouraged or allowed.
Mankind by its nature is creative; we are makers of objects and ideas but the avenues of expression that are open and acceptable to us differ from society to society.
Perhaps the clearest way to help students realize the degree to which one’s culture and environment affect the way they view the world is to compare their culture with one that is very different. In the last subunit students will study the art of the North American Plains Indians (before their acculturation). The purpose will be to point out how their culture, environment, and way of life dictated the avenues of expression that were allowed them.
WEEK 1: LESSON 1
Following the same format used in the two previous sub-units I would begin by showing the artwork of these people. I have selected the religious art objects rather than the everyday functional craft pieces because:
religious art is often a little more complex, original, made with greater attention to detail, and frequently more forceful than ordinary domestic art, and as such, usually has a greater emotional appeal for the average viewer.
8
The works I will show are the war shields. Because of the nature of these works other kinds of questions would have to be asked. I might begin by asking students to tell me what are the similarities and differences between these works and the other works of art we have seen in class? Other questions might be: Who do you think made this? What do you think it is? and, What do you think the artist is trying to tell us? Next, I would have the students describe the work. They will be asked to describe the work in terms of its colors, shape, and imagery.
WRITTEN RESPONSES
Possible topics could include:
-
1) pretend you made this object:
-
____
a) what is it used for?
-
____
b) why did you decorate it the way you did?
WEEK 2: LESSON 2
—
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
When I present the historical background I want to do more than just tell the facts. I want students to begin to feel what it might have been like to live in that way and in that era. To attempt this I will first show them slides of the Plains region as it would have appeared one hundred years ago. These slides would depict the vastness of the region. A possible conversation could be: Can you imagine living there-the winters are severe, the environment is harsh, shelter hard to find . . . I would then try to relate it to their own experience asking: Have you ever been outside in a thunderstorm or a blizzard? In our society we can find shelter in a nice warm house; in the summer we have all kinds of ways to escape the heat—air-conditioning, swimming pools, and ice cream. During a thunderstorm we can go inside, turn on a radio and forget about the storm outside. The Indians couldn’t escape their environment. There was nothing separating the Indians from nature.
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
Here we might write or talk about how they would feel if they were caught out in the middle of nowhere during a thunderstorm. What would they do if the only protection they had was what nature had provided? How would they feel? What thoughts would be going through their heads? When the stories are complete and have been shared I might say something like: The Indians’ environment made survival difficult. When life is hard people seek help. For the Indians, help came in two forms: 1) from the other members of the tribe, and 2) from spiritual helpers.
THE TRIBE
The tribe was a tightly knit society whose members looked out for one another. Because of many reasons, the omnipresent forces of nature, the high mortality rate, etc, it was the survival of the tribe rather than any one individual that grew to be of import. To illustrate this relationship between the individual and his society I will have students read the opening passage in John Neihardt’s book
Black Elk Speaks
. This passage reveals a lot about Indian values and thought. It is a passage that is filled with ideas that would be perfect for class discussions. Some possible topics could include: 1) the relationship between the individual and his world, and 2) Black Elk’s view of life. This life view is very different from the westerner’s view. It views man as part of the world equal to the animals, the trees—all of life. As I stated earlier, this view values the survival of the group over any one individual.
In a society where the members feel expendable it is little wonder that the art forms they created were not at all like those of the Western artists. They weren’t paintings that were to be hung on walls, or sculptures to be placed on pedestals. Individuals were not praised for their artistic talent. In fact there were no “artists” in Indian society; there were only craftsmen/women. Everybody in the tribe was able to make their own goods and everything that was made served a purpose. Everything that was needed for living was made, such as: spoons, bowls, cups, clothes, and housing. These objects were decorated—but only when time permitted. The forms and patterns used in their design were traditional patterns that were in some cases generations old. New patterns were rarely introduced because their sense of beauty was tied in with their tradition.
THE VISION QUEST
It was in the making of religious objects that more creative or inventive works were born.
As I stated earlier, when life became too overwhelming the Indian turned for help, help from his brothers, and help from some spirit helper. Contact with a spirit was sought by all members of a tribe. This contact was made through a “vision quest.” A young boy went off into seclusion usually to the mountains to meet with his spirit helper through a vision. The boy would fast, pray, and stay up until his fatigue produced an hallucination, the vision.
In the usual vision, an animal . . . plant, or inanimate object appears . . . with instructions that may determine the individual’s role within society for the rest of his life.
9
When he returned to the tribe he would share his vision with the group. From this vision a boy might receive a new name and be required to construct his shield.
THE WAR SHIELD
The war shield was usually made of buffalo hide. It was carried into battle. In battle, its purpose was not to physically deflect any weapon, rather, it was thought to actually embody the protective power of the spirit helper. Because these objects were religious in nature much care and time were devoted to their construction. The designs used were very symbolic and very personal because they were determined by the animals and or objects that appeared to the individual in his vision. Every mark placed on the shield was there for a purpose. There was a meaning behind every feather, every line, and every color that was applied.
Once again, this was a brief overview—other good sources for more information about Indian Art, and the vision quest will be found in the Teacher’s Bibliography at the end of this unit.
Suggested Activity
:
Native American Art of the Plains Indians
Lesson Plan:
week 3
,
grades 5 and 6
Activity: Preliminary sketches/designs for a personal shield or emblem
.
ASSIGNMENT
:
Each student will design four personal symbols and a format for a shield. This shield will reveal something about the artist that made it. Each symbol will represent an aspect of their life. One symbol will represent their family life, one their relationship to society, the third, what their dreams for the future are, and the last, an important event from their past. Students will decide on a format of their choosing, e.g. a circle, square, diamond, or a non-geometric form. Upon this form they will arrange their four symbols. Each symbol chosen will be drawn large enough so that it can be seen from a distance of several feet. The shield’s composition should integrate negative space, and positive space (i.e., there should be a visual balance between figure and background). The arrangement will be balanced asymmetrically.
MATERIALS NEEDED
:
white or manila drawing paper 12” x 18”
pencils, erasers
slide projector—slides of Indian War Shields
visual aids (made by the teacher to illustrate art concepts)
CONCEPTS COVERED:
-
1) What is a symbol
-
____
a) national symbols
-
____
b) personal symbols
-
2)
Balance
-
____
a) symmetrical balance
-
____
b) asymmetrical balance
-
3)
Space
-
____
a) negative/ground
-
____
b) positive/figure
OBJECTIVES
:
Students will be able to:
-
1) define the word symbol. They will be able to state the difference between a national and a personal symbol.
-
2) spell and define: balance, asymmetrical, symmetrical, space, negative and positive space.
-
3) cluster their ideas and thoughts about themselves in relation to different aspects of their life.
-
4) state why he/she chose the symbols they did.
REVIEW
:
-
1) Who the Plains Indians were
-
2) How the way of life/environment/ and cultural background often dictates the kinds of objects/images we make.
INTRODUCTION
:
Last week we talked about how the Indians created shields to represent and protect them. The symbols they painted on their shields were personal in that they told the viewer something about its owner. Today I want to talk about symbols. A symbol is something that stands for, or represents something else. The American Flag is a national symbol. It represents our country. The Cross, the Star of David, the Buddha are all symbols representing different groups of people and different beliefs. A personal symbol is a symbol that represents you and its meaning may be understood by you alone.
STIMULUS
:
I will show four slides of Indian War Shields to the class (see fig. 1NA). Each shield will be discussed in terms of: its symbols, its sense of balance, and its spatial relationships (negative/positive).
POSSIBLE PRESENTATION
:
“Here is a slide of an Indian War Shield. I want you to tell me if it looks like the symbols have been pasted on the background in any old way, or, has the artist placed them in a particular way? For myself, it seems as though each artist thought about where to place the objects. The reason I think this is because the design of each of these shields are balanced in their arrangement.”
Balance means something has the same amount of weight on both its sides. In art, there are two kinds of balance: asymmetrical and symmetrical balance. Symmetrical balance is when something is visually the same on both sides. In other words, whatever I do to one side of the paper I must do to the other (see figure 2NA). If I were to fold my paper in half the image would be the same on both its sides. Visually, symmetrical balance is often less interesting than compositions that are balanced asymmetrically. This is because your eye tends to focus right in the center of the piece and rest there.
Asymmetrical balance is a balance that has to be sensed, that is, felt inside. There are no formulas as to how to achieve it. Asymmetrical balance is when something feels balanced/steady/equal but the image, visually, is not the same on both its sides.
The two shields (see figs. 1NA a & b) are asymmetrically balanced. If I divided them in half they would not be the same on both sides, yet, I feel as though they are balanced.
Personally, I think asymmetrical balance forms a more interesting composition because the equal but varied distribution of weight leads your eye in, around, and through the piece. Asymmetrical compositions do not feel static/still.
The other idea you need to think about is very closely related to balance, that is, space. Space is very important in art. Most people ignore space when they draw. They think of the figures they need to draw but they pay no attention to the (ground or negative space) environment they place them in.
In the last two shields we saw the artist achieved a sense of balance because he paid attention to both the objects and the space. The background does not feel empty. In figure a. from fig. 1NA, the yellow ground is as important as are; the feathers, the lines he has painted, and the cloth that hangs from the bottom side. All the elements in the piece add to its sense of balance, if I took any part away the balance would be lost. (The second shield will be analyzed in a similar manner).
DEMONSTRATION
:
One way to help you understand both these ideas (asymmetrical balance and the relationship between figure and ground), is to think of everything contained in your image as having a weight. I will demonstrate by drawing on the blackboard. I will ask students to think of their entire paper as having a certain weight. If I place a circle in its center your eye focuses there (see fig. 3NA). That circle has a weight. Add another smaller circle to the far right corner and your eye moves back and forth between the two. Add more dots and the movement increases. I will remind students that the dots are only part of the composition. In addition to the dots they must also pay attention to the spaces in between the dots. Balance can be achieved if, and only if, the objects and the spaces are taken into account. Figure 4NA illustrates what happens when one sticks the dots anywhere without thinking.
ACTIVITY:
To begin the activity students will:
-
1) cluster their ideas and feelings about themselves in relation to each one of the following categories:
-
____
a) family
-
____
b) society
-
____
c) the future
-
____
d) the past
-
2) students will choose one idea from each of their clusters—the one they feel best represents how they feel.
-
3) students will create a symbol that represents the idea they chose.
-
4) after they have completed the four drawings they will decide on a format. I will remind them that the format they choose can be a symbol as well.
-
5) Once the format has been selected students will:
-
____
a) sketch it out
-
____
b) cut out the symbols
-
____
c) arrange the symbols on the format asymmetrically until a sense of balance is achieved. I will remind them to think of both the figures and the spaces around the figures.
DEMONSTRATION
:
Drawing on the blackboard I will demonstrate how I would create my symbols and arrange my composition.
STUDENT WORK TIME
FORMATIVE EVALUATION
:
The teacher will walk around the room and select successful pieces to share with the entire class.
STUDENT WORK TIME
CRITIQUE/REVIEW :
Work will be collected and discussed in terms of the concepts discussed today:
-
1) Balance—asymmetrical, symmetrical,
-
2) Space—figure, ground, and
-
3) Symbols—national, personal.
WEEKS 4-6
: Continue work on project—teacher will introduce new concepts each week.
WEEK 7
: Share final projects
Review major concepts of the unit
COMPOSITION ILLUSTRATION—fig. 1L
(figure available in print form)
SKETCHES AFTER INDIAN WAR SHLIELDS—fig. 1NA
(figure available in print form)
SYMMETRICAL BALANCE—fig. 2NA
(figure available in print form)
fig. 4NA
(figure available in print form)
ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE—fig. 3NA
(figure available in print form)
fig. 1W
(figure available in print form)
Typical Symbols Students Often Draw
fig. 2W
Drawing What You Know or Think
Drawing What You See
(figure available in print form)