Ba, Oumar, Oumar Ba, John Gutierrez, Katie Kilroy-Marac, Yotam Gidron, Ousmane Zoromé Samassekou Aïcha Macky, Ousmane Zoromé Samassekou, et al. “The Fate of La Francophonie.” Africa Is a Country, October 12, 2014. The article brings awareness about the colonial past of the African countries under the French rule and reminds them that Francophonie is a colonial term and should not be taught as a way to expand the French influence in Africa.
Barbour, Stephen, and Cathie Carmichael. Language and Nationalism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. The book chapter emphasizes that the linguistic history of France includes both institutionalizing French and pushing away regional languages, which in reality is also the premise of this research. Francophonie insisted on erasing native language and cultures.
Benneyworth, IJ. “The Ongoing Relationship Between France and Its Former African Colonies.” June 12, 2011. The article addresses the need for more political and economic sovereignty for former French colonies in Africa.
Chafer, Tony. The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization? Oxford: Berg, 2002. 85-86. The chapter focuses on the decolonization process of Africa in the 1960s during the Algerian Revolution.
Felix, Chidozie. “Globalising The French Language: Neo-Colonialism Or Development? .” Edited by Eugenia Abiodun Eniayekan. International Affairs and Global Strategy, 2013. International Affairs and Global Strategy. The policy of assimilation as the fundamental colonial policy created fragmentation of colonial societies where communes succumbed to the idea of becoming French citizens as the sole way of integrating into a modern society outside of Africa.
George, Ashley. “Rethinking What Matters: Incorporating Anti-Racism into Teaching.” Language Magazine, June 9, 2020. The article emphasizes the need to teach for social justice in the classroom through an open conversation yet culturally responsive.
Hassa, Samira. “Selected Proceedings of the 2011 AATF Convention.” In Teaching La Francophonie. This work offers a research how to teach Francophonie – including African cultures from the Northern Region of Africa through songs, maps etc.
Johnson, G. Wesley. The Emergence of Black Politics Senegal: the Struggle for Power in the Four Communes, 1900-1920. Stanford, CA: Publ. for the Hoover Institute on War, Revolution and Peace by Stanford Univ. Press, 1971. This publication offers a panoramic view of the four communes of Senegal as a political and administrative experiment which was not common in colonial settlement elsewhere.
Judge, A. (2000), ‘France : One state, one nation, one language’ in Language and nationalism in Europe, S. Barbour & C. Carmicahel (eds), Oxford University Press. This research offers an overview of political ideology and civic nationalism that France adopted to assimilate “some” the colonies into its political and administrative system.
Khapoya, Vincent. African Experience. Routledge, 2017. The book gives an overview of some African countries and how people experience the history and the particularity of each of the cultures.
“Macron's Crusade for French Language Bolsters Imperialism – Congo Novelist.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, February 19, 2018. The article put an emphasis on contemporary politics and French government as it pertains to its former French colonies.
Misra, Oishee. “MVHS Spanish and French Teachers Implement a Stereotype Unit.” Best of SNO. Accessed July 9, 2021. The article deals with the scope of French as a global language and how people understand Francophonie especially in the daily practices of teaching French.
Navarro, Oscar. “We Can’t Do This Alone: Validating and Inspiring Social Justice Teaching through a Community of Transformative Praxis.” Curriculum Inquiry 48, no. 3 (2018): 335–58. The chapter deals with taking a stance for social justice in the classroom and practicing culturally responsive pedagogy.
Toure, M.-K. (2020, February 6). Four Communes of Senegal (1887-1960). The article describes the politics inside of the four communes of Senegal during the colonial period.
Sesan, Johnson M. “Major Features of the Policy of Assimilation as Practiced in the Communes of Senegal.” Academia.edu. Accessed June 8, 2021. The article focuses on some of the assimilation policies in the four communes of Senegal such as requirement for French citizenship, social promotion etc.
