1 Pliny the Younger The letters of Pliny the younger, . Edited by F. C. T. Bosanquet. Translated by William Melmoth. Project Gutenberg . New York: Hinds, Noble & Eldredge, 1906, n.p.
2 Ibid.
3 Livy. History of Rome. Translated by William Masfen Roberts. Perseus Digital Library. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1905.
4 Moscatelli, Massimiliano, Alessandro Pagliaroli, Marco Mancini, Francesco Stigliano, and Giuseppe Cavuoto. “Integrated Subsoil Model for Seismic Microzonation in the Central Archaeological Area of Rome (Italy).” Disaster Advances 5, no. 3 (July 2012), 12
5 Andrews, Killing for Coal, 28
6 Savage Cross-curricular teaching and learning in the secondary school, 8-9
7 Harris, William V. The ancient Mediterranean environment between science and history. Leiden:Brill, 2013., xix
8 Ibid., p xx
9 Hughes, The Mediterranean: An environmental history., xv
10 Hughes, Environmental problems of the Greeks and romans: Ecology in the ancient mediterranean, 163
11 Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro, Richard J. A. Talbert, and Daniel J. Gargola. A brief history of ancient rome: Politics, society, and culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, 15-16
12 Heiken et al., The Seven Hills of Rome, 14
13 Ibid., 15.
14 Ibid., 14.
15 Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons user sam1370 under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
16 Jones, “Rome wasn’t built in a day but these days it feels as if it may collapse in one” n.p.
17 Marshak, Stephen. Earth: Portrait of a planet. 7th ed. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2022., 288
18 Ibid, 188.
19 Ibid. 307
20 Image is in the public domain, courtesy of the Yale Center for British Art
21 Beard, Mary. The fires of vesuvius: Pompeii lost and found. 18
22 Allison, Penelope M. Pompeian households: An analysis of the material culture. Los Angeles: University of California, 2005.
23 Ibid., 59
24 Doronzo et al., The 79 CE Eruption of Vesuvius: A Lesson from the Past and the Need of a Multidisciplinary Approach for Developments in Volcanology., n.p.
25 Caesar, Julius. The Gallic Wars. Translated by H. J. Edwards. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2006., n.p.
26Salway, Peter. Roman Britain: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015., 26
27 Ibid., 249-250, 257
28 Tacitus, Cornelius. Annals: Book 13-16. Translated by John Jackson. Heinemann, 1937. n.p.
29 Ibid.
30 Salway, Roman Britain, 3
31 Wallace. The origin of Roman London
32 Ellison et al., Geology of london: Special memoir for 1:50 000 Geological Sheets 256 (North London), 257 (romford), 270 (South London) and 271 (Dartford) (England and Wales).
33 Lara Williams, Bloomberg, “How Is the UK at Risk of Both Floods and Drought?”
34 Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Translated by John Bostock and Henry T. Riley. London: George Bell, 1898., 174
35 Jones “The Roman Mines at Riotinto.”, 157
36 Ibid. 164
37 Thommen., An environmental history of Ancient Greece and Rome, 122
38 Image taken from Palmer, RE, Notes on some Ancient Mine Equipment and Systems, 1928, in the Public Domain
39 Bishop, M. C. The secret history of the roman roads of Britain. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military, 2014, 19
40 Campedelli, Camilla. “The Impact of Roman Roads and Milestones on the Landscape of the Iberian Peninsula.” Essay. In The Impact of the Roman Empire on Landscapes, edited by Marietta Horster and Nikolas Hachler, 111–31. Leiden: Brill, 2021., 122
41 Ovid. Metamorphoses. Translated by Henry T. Riley. Project Gutenberg . London: George Bell & Sons, 1893., 20
42 Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 93
43 Image by Carol Stoker for NASA, image is in the public domain.
44 Marshak, p.582
45 Bordenstein, Sarah. “Rio Tinto, Spain” Microbial Life - Educational Resources, np
