Carolyn N. Kinder
(chart available in print form)
Chart 3, summarizes the patterns of violent behaviors in bonobos of four groups: Male-to-male, Male -to- Female, Female-to-female and Group- to-group. This chart represents information gained after reading the book “Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence”, Wrangham.
In closing
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comparing chimpanzees, humans and bonobos, we begin to understand how violent behaviors have traveled throughout our evolutionary history. We are who we are, partly because of our biology. However, cultural influences help shape our attitudes toward each other. Humans are highly socialized, therefore, we have the capacity to change our ways of dealing with each other. Moreover, this will take the collaboration of males, females, and other groups working together to achieve this goal.
The final section of this unit proposes and discusses solutions to conflicts and violence in society. This section offers several strategies of dealing with violence, as it relates to middle school students. Several lesson plans are given to engage students in their journey to a more peaceful society.